Crazy Computer Facts

Computer is the biggest revolution in the man kind so far, it changed the whole world.The coolest and Craziest facts on the computers are given below, Read and enjoy..............

1) Symbolics.com is the First Domain Registered Name Ever in the History

2) In 1964, The first Computer mouse was invented by Doug Engelbart which was made by Wood

3) In 1994, the banner Advertising was First Started.

4) At average computer users blink 7 times, where it is half than normal which is 20 times.

5) The house of Bill gates was designed by using Macintosh computer

6) At the year 2012, 17 billion Devices may be Connected to Internet

7) E-Mail is been around longer than the World wide web

8) Sweden is the highest internet using country, as 75% of the people in their country are using internet.

9) The another name of Microsoft Windows tutorial is " Crash Course "

10) Amazon was an Printed book Company,Now it is selling more E-Books than Printed books

11) In 1993, the most Popular Browser was Released which was called " Mosaic "

Unknown and Interesting facts about Twitter

Twitter is one of the Powerful social networking site.Everyone wants to know something about them, i collected some interesting facts on this cool networking site.


1) At present there are nearly 100 Million Active Users

2) About 50% of this Active users will log in every day.

3) About 40% of people do not tweet, they just read news and click links.

4) Twitter has about 300,000 new visitors daily.

5) In a Second About 750 Tweets are shared.

6) In the Birthday of CEO Evan Williams, Twitter was Originally Launched.

7) The Most popular User in the Twitter is Lady Gaga with 19,341,413 Followers

8) If Twitter was an Country, It is the 12th Largest Country in the World

9) Everyday about One million accounts are added in Twitter

10) 92% of the users said they would Retweet if they found any interesting content

11) About 30% of the Twitter users have an Income greater than $100, 000.

Some Interesting Facts on Ants

Ants are small insects which are well known for Forming the Colonies.I collected some Interesting Facts about the Ants that you probably do not know...........

 1) Ants can lift the Bodies, about 20 times to its Body Weight.

2) The Largest brain having insect is ant, it consists of  250,000 Brain Cells

3) The Continent that Ants are not there is Antarctica, As the Conditions are not Favorable for them to live

4) Some of the Ants can sleep for 7 hours

5) The Army Ant can even Bite a Huge Snake infront of it

6) Ants can live upto 40-60 days at an Average

7) There are About 35,000 kinds of Ants in the World

8) There are 60 species of ants in the North America

9) The Queen Ant has the Wings

10) Ants have Two stomaches in their Body, One ifor them , another is to feed others

11) Wood Ant Workers live upto 7 to 10 Years

12) The Queen ant will lays all his Eggs in his Anthill

Some Important Toll Free Numbers

Generally we have so many queries to ask, But there is lot of stuff are Paid services only.But still some of the Customer Service are Free.


Let us see the List of Very Useful Toll Free Numbers In the India.

• Firstly go to Airways Department

  Airways              Number

Indian Airlines     1600 180 1407
Jet Airways         1600 22 5522
Spice jet             1600 180 3333

• Secondly go to Automobiles

Automobiles                Number

Mahindra Scorpio       1600 22 6006 
Maruti                        1600 111 515
Tata Motors               1600 22 5552
Windshield Experts     1600 11 3636

• Now move to the Banking sector 

Bank                 Number

Canara Bank     1600 44 6000
Citibank            1600 44 2265

HDFC Bank     1600 227 227
ICICI Bank      1600 333 499

• Now we move to Tourism and Travels

    Travels                               Number

Kerala Tourism -                  1600 444 747
Kumarakom Lake Resort     1600 44 5030
Raj Travels & Tours -          1600 22 9900

• Now come to mobiles

Mobile                   Number

Nokia                   3030 3838
Sony Ericsson       3901 1111

• Finally the Courier service numbers

Courier  Service        Number

ABT Courier          1600 44 8585
DHL                      1600 111 345
FedEx                    1600 22 6161

Some Differences Between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms

The Angiosperms and Gymnosperms are the Parts of the Kingdom of plants. Let us see some of the Differences Between them.........

Angiosperms

1) Angiosperms are normally seed Bearing Plants.The seeds are contained in an ovary, which is inside in a
     Fruit

2) The Angiosperms are the Plants that have Triploid Tissues.

3) The Leaves of the Angiosperms are Flat

4) The Angiosperms are having the Ability to last during Winter, So it is called as Softwood

5) Grass, Apples, Oranges and Bananas are the Examples of Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

1) The Gymnosperms are the plants having seeds that is Exposed, not closed in an Ovule

2) The Gymnosperms are the Plants that have Haploid tissues

3) The Leaves of the Gymnosperms are Cone Bearing or Needle Like

4) The Gymnosperms are usually Color Changing and die, So it is Known as Hard Wood

5) Pine trees, Cedar, Fur are the Examples of Gymnosperms

NTFS and FAT

There are two methods for Storing the Data in the Hard Drives, let us see the differences between the both ( NTFS and FAT ) of them in a brief...........

FAT

1) FAT stands for the File Allocation Table

2) FAT supports older operating system only

3) FAT supports only 2 GigaBytes space in the Hard drive

4) It is less efficient and slower

5) If FAT becomes corrupt it is impossible to recover the Data

6) FAT is less Secure



NTFS

1) NTFS stands for the New Technology file System

2) NTFS supports the New operating system like windows xp, 7.

3) NTFS supports larger space in the Hard drive

4) It is more efficient and Faster

5) If NTFS is Corrupted there is an Possibility for recovering the Data

6) NTFS is More Secure

Some Interesting facts about cricket

Cricket is one of the major sport, that occupies second popular sport in the World after soccer. Let us Know the interesting facts on cricket

1) In 1877, The first century was scored by the Charlie Bannerman of Australia

2) Sunil gavaskar of india is holding the record of first batsman to share in 50 Century Partnerships

3) The Longest test carrer of ( 30 years ,315 days from 1889 to 1930 ) ever is Wilfred Rhodes

4) Alan Davidson is the first cricketer to score 100 and take 10 wickets in the same match at 1960

5) The Longest Match in the history is between Southafrica and England of 14 days in 1939

6) The first one day international match was played between England and Australia in year 1971

7) In 1927, the Board of Council for Cricket India was formed

8) The First World Cup was Played in London in 1975, Where Westindies Win by 17 runs against Australia

9) Australia is the Team to won maximum number of World cups till date

Some Differences Between Mitosis and Miosis

There are two ways of Cell Division and Reproduction called Mitosis and Miosis, where there is some differences between them which you must know

MITOSIS

1) It occurs in all the body cells including germ cells

2) The Cell Division is Equational

3) It consists of only Two Daughter Cells

4) The Synapsis does not occur

5) The Crossing Over does not occur


MEIOSIS

1) It occurs only in the Germ cells

2) The Division is Reductional

3) It consists of four daughter cells

4) The Synapses occur in the zygotene of prophase -1

5) The Crossing over occurs in the pachytne Prophase -1

Differences between java and .Net

For Writing codes we need certain platforms, so many are confused about this part, i had collected some differences between the two major platforms, i hope it is an good reference for your work

JAVA

1) Java was found by the Sun Microsystems

2) Source code was converted to the ByteCode by JVM in Java.

3) Java uses an Common Language

4) Java is an Single language shared by Multiple Platforms

5) Java has very Poor Frame Work

6) Java is completely Language Dependent


.NET

1) .Net was found by the Microsoft

2) Source code was converted to MSIL by the help of CLR in .Net.

3) .Net uses many Languages and it generates a Platform Specific Code

4) .Net is an Multiple Languages shared by Single Platform

5) It has rich set of Classes and Interfaces.

6) .Net is completely Language Independent

Amazing Facts about the Whales

Whales are the largest Aquatic mammals on the Earth, here we collected some cool facts about it. Please spend some time for Reading this....

1) Sperm Whales are the creatures in the earth that had more weighted Brain , it weighs about 9 kilograms.

2) The Sperm Whale can hold its breath for at least an Hour

3) Sperm Whales cannot breathe through Mouth, Because the Mouth is directly connected to the Stomach

4) The Female Blue Whale is larger than the Male Whale

5) Whales ancestors are land dwelling animals, it became marine animals 50 Million Years ago

6) Whales need to eat 50-150 kilo grams meat every day

7) The Blue Whale is the Largest Whale

8) The Dwarf Sperm is the Smallest Whale

9) The Male Whale is called the Bull

10) A Group of Whales is called pod or school.

11) Whales have life span Similar to the humans.

Some unknown and must known facts about the Titanic Ship

Titanic was hit by an iceberg in 11.40 pm on April 14 night and sunk two hours later completely.So we collected the interesting facts about the Titanic.Please read it..............

1) Actually there was an life boat drill scheduled on the day april 14 1912, but due to some reasons the
   Captain of the ship smith cancelled the Drill.Still some people believe that if it happened, there will be an
    chance of saving the more lifes in that time


2) The Officers had an little time of 37 seconds to react by the time alarm rang.The officer Murdoch has
    ordered his men to take ship to left and Ordered the Engine room to take Reverse.But these are not good
    enough to make ship from sinking.


3) The Titanic has everything, it has its own Newspaper.The Atlantic Daily Bulletin was printed daily in the
    Boat.It includes news, Stock prices society-Gossips and the Day's Menu


4) The Most Passengers had to Share Bathrooms, Where as the third class Passengers of 700 had only Two
   Bath tubs


5) Most of the Life Boats that launched on titanic was not fully Filled according to its Capacity


6) With the Order of only Women and Children first in the Life Boats, it is surprised to see the Dogs made
   into the Life Boats,Out of the 9 dogs, the two that are rescued are Pomeranian and Pekinese


7) The iconic image shows four Cream Black Funnels, where three is for Releasing the Steam from the
   Boilers and the fourth one is just for show

Facts about Human Lungs

Lungs are the Vital organs in the human body, it plays an key role in our Human survival.So we collected some rare and unknown facts of lungs for informative purpose.I hope you like it...........



1) The Left Lung is smaller than the Right Lung because the heart is in the middle of Chest Cavity as the Larger part bulges out to the left, Leaving less space for that lung.


2) The Word Lung word came from the Old English word "lunge" which it means "Light"


3) The lungs is the only organs that can Float on the Water


4) Approximately we are taking about 22,000 breaths every 24 hours


5) We have approximately 1500 miles of airways


6) The Surface area of the lungs is roughly same size as the Tennis Court


7) If placed one to one end the Capillaries in the lungs would Extend about 1,600 kilometers


8) The Breathing Rate is faster in women and children than in Men


9) Approximately 1 litre of air is always stay in the lungs, no matter how we hardly breathe out


10) About 300 Million Alveoli was there in the Both lungs of an Adult

Rare Interesting facts about the television

Television is one of the Biggest entertainment media now a days, here we collected some cool facts about the television........Please read carefully

1) Television was first came to sales in the Early 1920's

2) Earlier Television Displays only Black and White colors

3) The Remote Controls for televisions arrived in the 1980's

4) Television Broadcasting are Transmitted at Specific Frequencies similar to Radio

5) Earlier TV Monitors Use CRT , now due to technology advancement it changes to LCD and LED

6) In 1926, J.L Baird invented the First television in the World

7) With advancement in Technology Television viewing changed, about 36% of the People watch television
    in the Mobile Phones

Cool Facts about the Human Eyes

Eyes are the Most complex organs in the Human body, let us see some of the interesting facts about the Eyes in a Brief detailed points

1) On a Average the blink of an eye lasts for an 1/10th of an Second.

2) It requires the Half Part of our Brain to see the things in our everyday life.

3) In the World about 39 billion people was Blind .

4) In a Minute you Blink about 12 times

5) Your eye weighs 0.25 ounce and 1 inch across

6) Some People are born with two differently colored eyes. This type of Condition is called Heterochromia.

7) The Muscle that controls our eye is the Most Active part

8) About 80% of the eye problems can be Avoidable and Curable

About GOLF

Golf is one of the sport that is playing from so log ago, it pays you huge amounts of money too.Let us talk about the interesting facts about the Golf


1) The First Golf ball was used in the 16th Century, it was made up of Wood

2) Women also plays golf a lot, interestingly among the world golfers 25% are Women

3) The Golf Club located in the Massachusetts of 7600 meters was the worlds longest Golf course

4) Till date, the Worlds longest putt was about 114 meters long

5) The Dimples in the golf ball are 336 for american ball and 330 for British Ball

6) In the Period from 1457 to 1502, Golf was Banned in Scotland, as to stop the people from wasting the time as they are seriously preparing for the English Invasion

7) There are 34 rules in golf now, in starting days it was 13

8) One of the fun facts to admit was, there are 3 Golf Balls on the Moon

9) At the Young Age of 8, Tiger Woods Snagged his First Ace

10) Tactu Golf Club in Morococha , Peru which is sitting above the sea level at a height of 14,335 feet is the Worlds Highest Golf Course

LED LIGHTS

LED stands for Light Emitting Diode which was an Semiconductor Light Source. Let us Discuss some Pros and Cons of the LED

Pros

1) Normally LED lights can last up to 10 times longer than the standard incandescent or flourescent bulbs

2) It stays cool when compared to other bulbs, as it generates little heat

3) LED is an Environment friendly as it does not contain ant mercury or toxic material

4) LED saves your money on the Utility cost as it uses less energy

5) LED is more durable than the incandescent and flouroscent bulbs



Cons

1) LED lightings are costlier now, when technology becomes more common and with some competition , the Price may fall

2) LED's are Struggling to Generate white light, even though they are good enough in generating colored light

      Thanks for reading this post , if you know any pros and cons other than this please feel free to post in my comments

ABOUT GOOGLE

Well if you are reading my article now, it is mostly with the help of Google.But so many of them do not know the History behind Google.So Let us Check some cool Facts............

1) IN 1996, January Google was started as a Research Project at Stanford university by an two candidates Larry page and Sergey Brin

2) The Google Servers are racked upon Clusters Which was Located in several Data Centers around the World.An approximate of 450,000 servers are there in Google

3 Nearly 57% of the American kids are saying the Google as their First Word

4) Daily around 620 million Visitors Visit the Google.com

5) Most of the Revenue about 97% is coming to Google by their Advertising Services

6) Daily Google is Processing 20 Petabyte of Information

7) When the Google was started it had indexed less pages , around 25,000.Now it was indexing some billions of Pages

8) Total Google assets in the year 2010 was $57.851 billion Dollars

9) For the Smooth operation Google uses 1 million Computers and Handles over an 1 billion requests per day

10) Google Became the World Largest Search Engine in the Year 2010

Did You know the Meaning of this words

Did You know the Meaning of this words :-

��News = North East West.     South.

Chess = Chariot,Horse, Elephant, Soldiers.

Joke = Joy of Kids Entertainment.

��Aim = Ambition in Mind.
Date = Day and Time Evolution.

Eat = Energy And Taste.

��Tea = Taste And Energy Admitted.

Pen = Power Enriched in Nib.

��Smile = Sweet Memories In Lips Expression.

Bye = Be with You Everytime.

Kindly share these meanings as majority of us don't know these......

Tajmahal

Tajmahal is one of the seven wonders in the world which was located in the Agra, Country India.Let us see some cool facts about Tajmahal


1) To build the entire Monument it takes 22 years.It was started in 1631 and ended in 1653

2) Nearly 32 crores of rupees were spent for the Construction of entire Monument

3) The UNESCO made Tajmahal as the World Heritage site in 1983

4) The Architect of Tajmahal is the "Ustad ahmad lahauri "

5) The Garden Complex called " charbagh " measures about 320 Square Metres

6) The Height of the Main Central dome is 214 feet and 59 feet in diameter

7) For the Construction Materials transport about 1100 Elephants are used

8) After the Completion of Structure the hands of Workers were cut down by Shahjahan, Because No other monument should be Constructed like Tajmahal

9) The Tajmahal is an Mixture of indian, Persian and islamic style Architectures

10) The Huge gate which was the Entrance of the tomb named "Darwaza-i-rauza " was made of redstone

11) An gold plate finial is Placed in the top of the Main Dome which was inspired from the Vedic temples

12) Nearly 3-4 Million people Visits the Tajmahal Annually.

Some Interesting Facts about the Sun

The sun is orbited by nine planets and it is the light source for the earth.Let us see some of the interesting facts about the sun in brief

1) The sun possess the 99.85% of the Mass in our Solar System

2) The Present age of sun is Estimated as 4.6 Billion Years

3) The Composition of sun is as follows Hydrogen 75%, 23% Helium and 2% heavier Elements

4) Per Second about 4 Million Tons of Hydrogen is Being Consumed in the Sun

5) The Closest Star to our Living Planet Earth is Sun , it is at a Distance of  149.60 Million Kilometers

6) The Temperature of sun at its Core is 15 Million Degree Celsius

7) The Gravity of Sun is 28 times of the Earth's Gravity

8) All the planets in the Earth is orbiting in the Counter Clock wise Direction to the sun.

9) The Path of the Planets to the Sun is Elliptical

10) It takes about 23.58 Earth days for the Sun to rotate in its Axis

11) For Every 11 years the Sun will reverse its Overall Magnetic Polarity .

The RNA and DNA

The RNA and DNA looks like similar but it had some Differences that no none knows.......Let us see those Differences in Brief..........


DNA

1) DNA stands for DeoxyRiboNucleic Acid

2) DNA molecules contain the Deoxyribo sugars

3) DNA has Thimine (U)

4) As far as DNA is considered only one type of DNA is present

5) DNA is Doubly Stranded

6) DNA is indirectly involved in the Protein Synthesis


RNA

1) RNA stands for the Ribonucleic acid

2) RNA Molecules Contain the Ribo Sugars

3) RNA has Uracil (U)

4) RNA is of three types, they are mRNA , rRNA , tRNA.

5) RNA is singly Stranded

6) RNA is Directly involved in the Protein Synthesis

International Space Station

Recently the last surviving veteran of the First World War passed away. She was ?
Florence Beatrice Patterson

Tweek: India's first tablet magazine

How many miles above the Earth is the International Space Station ?
220.

Who designed the Padma Awards ?
Nandalal Bose

Babur wrote his auto-biography Babur Namah or Tuzuk-i-Baburi in ?

A.Persian
B.Turkish
C.Arabic
D.Urdu

Ans:B

Who was the First European to translate the Bhagwad Gita into English ?
Charles wilkins

Thigh bone Is the longest bone in  human body.

India never invaded any country in her last 100000 years of history.

India has the largest number of Post offices in the world.

Land of Thunderbolt

As per the latest statement of UGC Chairman, the number of universities & University level institutions in India is 511 Colleges-31,324

Who was the first US president to visit India in Dec 1959 ?
Dwight Eisenhower.

'Land of Thunderbolt' is the nickname of which Asian country ?
Bhutan

Which Indian spiritual guru introduced Transcendental Meditation (TM) technique ?
Mahesh Yogi.

How many years does the US President serve during one term ?
4 years.

Which is the currency of Israel ?
Shekel

The necktie was invented in Croatia and was originally part of military dress.

Which is the oldest para military force in India?
Assam Rifles.

Disney Land

Who is the author of 'My Truth'?
Ans: Indira Gandhi.

In which year India's first war of Independence took place?
Ans: 1857.

Who is the author of the book 'Alice in Wonderland'?
Ans: Lewis Carrol. 

What is the full form of 'ISBN'?
Ans: International Standard Book Number.

The Bermuda Triangle is in Atlantic Ocean.

Where is located 'Disney Land'?
Ans: California.

Which acid contains in Lemon?
Ans: Citric Acid. 

BLOOD DONATION

Donating blood is an Voluntary act, But it will save an Human life if everyone Participate Often.It is almost equal to the Charity,a part from this the Donation of blood has so many Medical advantages and a few disadvantages.

Let us Discuss some of them.................



PROS

1) The Feeling you got by Saving an life is really good to feel by heart.

2) The amount of iron Accumulated in our body will reduces due to the Blood Donation

3) Donating blood often will regulate the iron content in our body

4) Donating blood reduces Blood Cholesterol Levels and sheds Extra calories

5) After Donation of the blood , the Number of blood cells increases in our body

CONS

1) There are very few disadvantages, Sometimes very rarely Loss of Blood Volume Cases may occur in a
     few cases

2) We may occur Mild Dizziness for a Short While

3) Fainting is the Worst reaction to a Blood Donor that is rarely Occurs


Previously blood Donation is an Risky Procedure but due to the Modern Equipment it is an walk in the Park, So please feel free to donate your Blood and save the Life of a person.

Some interesting facts about Human Kidney

Human body is very complex system supported by the Internal organs which leads our survival, on those Kidney was very vital organ in the human body.It is important for the Urination and excretion, which expels the wastage in our body.


Let us check the interesting facts about the Human Kidney


1) The length of the each kidney is 4 1/2 inches long

2) The Excess of Milk or Antacids may cause Kidney stones in our body

3) More than Brain, liver, and Heart, the Kidney has Higher Blood Flow in our human body

4) The Normal weight of the each kidney is about 4 to 6 ounces

5) The amount of Urine excreted daily by kidney varies from 1 liter to 2 liters

6) The kidneys are representing only 0.5% of the Total Body Weight

7) Per hour, Kidneys are filtering about 2 gallons of blood

8) The Blood (20%-25%)  received by the Kidneys are mostly pumped by the heart

9) Kidneys will not stop functioning, until the kidneys lose (70%-75%) of their function

10) Per hour,the total blood in the body circulates through kidney about 12 times.

Chinese proverb

Who was discovered the planet Uranus ?

Ans: William Herschel.

Always have a hope for positive happenings.

As the Chinese proverb says.."Keep a green tree in your heart,
The singing bird will surely come.

SCIENCE FACTS

International Territorial Biosphere,Program started in 1988.

Richter scale measures Intensity of earthquakes.

The diseases caused by polluted water are Diarrhea , Dysentery and Cholera.

Micro-consumers are popularly known as Primary Consumers.

Mount Everest

Mount Everest – Highest Mountain in the world

Age of Everest: Everest was formed about 60 million years ago
Elevation: 29,035 ft (8850m)
Name in Nepal: Sagarmatha (means: goddess of the sky)
In Tibet: Chomolungma: (means: mother goddess of the universe)
Named after: Sir George Everest in 1865 ,the British surveyor-general of India. Once known as Peak 15
Everest Name: Sir George Everest was the first person to record the height and location of Mt. Everest, this is where Mt.”Everest” got its name from(In american language)
Location: Latitude 27° 59′ N…..Longitude 86° 56′ E It’s summit ridge separates Nepal and Tibet
First Ascent: May 29,1953 by Sir Edmund Hillary, NZ and Tenzing Norgay, NP, via the South Col Route
First Ascent by a Woman: May 16,1975, Junko Tabei, JAP, via the South-Col

Sputnik – The Satellite

Sputnik – The First Satellite in the Space

Name: Sputnik I
Launched On: October 4, 1957
Launched By: Soviet Union
Dimension: 58 cm. or 22.8 inches in diameter
Weight: 83.6 kg. or 183.9 pounds
Time Taken to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path: 98 minutes
Satellite Race Between US and Soviet Union:
In September 1955, the Naval Research Laboratory’s Vanguard proposal was chosen to represent the U.S. during the IGY.
The Sputnik launch changed everything. As a technical achievement, Sputnik caught the world’s attention and the American public off-guard. Its size was more impressive than Vanguard’s intended 3.5-pound payload. In addition, the public feared that the Soviets’ ability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. Then the Soviets struck again; on November 3, Sputnik II was launched, carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named Laika.
On January 31, 1958, the tide changed, when the United States successfully launched Explorer I. This satellite carried a small scientific payload that eventually discovered the magnetic radiation belts around the Earth, named after principal investigator James Van Allen.
The Sputnik launch also led directly to the creation of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In July 1958, Congress passed the National Aeronautics and Space Act (commonly called the “Space Act“), which created NASA as of October 1, 1958 from the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and other government agencies.

Hockey

Hockey is a family of sports in which two teams play against each other by trying to maneuver a ball or a puck into the opponent’s goal using a hockey stick.
History: Games played with curved sticks and a ball can be found in the histories of many cultures. In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from 600 BC in Ancient Greece where the game may have been called kerētízein or kerhtízein because it was played with a horn or horn-like stick.
Subtypes: Field hockey, Ice hockey, Inline hockey, Roller hockey, Sledge hockey and Street hockey
Hockey World Cup: The Hockey World Cup is an international field hockey competition organized by the International Hockey Federation (FIH). The tournament was started in 1971. It is held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics.
There is also a Women’s Hockey World Cup, which has been held since 1974 and was organized by the International Federation of Women’s Hockey Associations (IFWHA) until 1981, when the governing bodies merged into the current International Hockey Federation in 1982.
First Hockey World Cup:
The first Hockey World Cup was held in Barcelona, Spain from October 15-24, 1971 at Real Polo grounds.
Winner: Pakistan
Runner’s Up: Spain
Second Runner’s Up: India
Second Hockey World Cup:
The second Hockey World Cup was held in Amsterdam, Holland from August 24-September 2, 1973 at the Wagener Stadium, Amstelveen.
Winner: Netherlands
Runner’s Up: India
Second Runner’s Up: West Germany
Third Hockey World Cup:
The third Hockey World Cup was held at Merdeka Stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from March 1-19, 1975.
Winner: India
Runner’s Up: Pakistan
Second Runner’s Up: West Germany
Fourth Hockey World Cup:
The fourth Hockey World Cup was held at Campo del Polo, Buenos Aires, Argentina, from March 18-April 1, 1978.
Winner: Pakistan
Runner’s Up: Netherlands
Second Runner’s Up: Australia
Fifth Hockey World Cup:
World Cup came to India a year after they won the gold medal at the boycott-ridden 1980 Moscow Olympic Games and was held in Bombay from December 29, 1981 to January 12, 1982.
Winner: Pakistan
Runner’s Up: West Germany
Second Runner’s Up: Australia
Fifth Place: India
Sixth Hockey World Cup:
The sixth World Cup, was held at Willesden, London, England from October 4-19, 1986, was scheduled within a couple of days after the Asian Games in South Korea.
Winner: Australia
Runner’s Up: England
Second Runner’s Up: West Germany
Twelfth Place: India
Seventh Hockey World Cup:
The seventh Hockey World Cup was held in Lahore from February 12-23, 1990.
Winner: Netherlands
Runner’s Up: Pakistan
Second Runner’s Up: Australia
Tenth Place: India
Eighth Hockey World Cup:
The eighth Hockey World Cup was held at Homebush Stadium in Sydney, Australia from November 23 to December 4, 1994.
Winner: Pakistan
Runner’s Up: Netherlands
Second Runner’s Up: Australia
Fifth Place: India
Ninth Hockey World Cup:
The Hockey World Cup of 1998 was held at Galgenwaard Stadium in Utrecht, Netherlands from June 20-July 1, 1998.
Winner: Netherlands
Runner’s Up: Spain
Second Runner’s Up: Germany
Ninth Place: India
Tenth Hockey World Cup:
Tenth Hockey World Cup held at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from February 24 to March 4, 2002.
Winner: Germany
Runner’s Up: Australia
Second Runner’s Up: Netherlands
Tenth Place: India
Eleventh Hockey World Cup:
The eleventh Hockey World Cup was held at Monchengladbach, Germany from September 6 to September 17, 2006.
Winner: Germany
Runner’s Up: Australia
Second Runner’s Up: Spain
Eleventh Place: India
Twelfth Hockey World Cup:
The last Hockey World Cup was held at New Delhi, India from February 28 to March 13, 2010.
Winner: Australia
Runner’s Up: Germany
Second Runner’s Up: Netherlands
Eighth Place: India

Thermometer

Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in some way when they are heated or cooled. In a mercury or alcohol thermometer the liquid expands as it is heated and contracts when it is cooled, so the length of the liquid column is longer or shorter depending on the temperature. Modern thermometers are calibrated in standard temperature units such as Fahrenheit or Celsius and Kelvin.

Early History
In 1593, Galileo Galilei invented a rudimentary water thermoscope, which for the first time, allowed temperature variations to be measured. In 1612, the Italian inventor Santorio became the first inventor to put a numerical scale on his thermoscope. It was perhaps the first crude clinical thermometer, as it was designed to be place in a patient’s mouth for temperature taking. In 1654, the first enclosed liquid-in-a-glass thermometer was invented by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand II. The Duke used alcohol as his liquid.

Fahrenheit Scale – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was the German physicist who invented a alcohol thermometer in 1709, and the mercury thermometer in 1714. In 1724, he introduced the standard temperature scale that bears his name – Fahrenheit Scale.

Centigrade Scale – Anders Celsius
The Celsius temperature scale is also referred to as the “centigrade” scale. Centigrade means “consisting of or divided into 100 degrees”. In 1742, the Celsius scale was invented by Swedish Astronomer Anders Celsius.

Kelvin Scale – Lord Kelvin
Lord Kelvin took the whole process one step further with his invention of the Kelvin Scale in 1848. The Kelvin Scale measures the ultimate extremes of hot and cold. Kelvin developed the idea of absolute temperature, what is called the “Second Law of Thermodynamics”, and developed the dynamical theory of heat.

Mouth Thermometers
In 1612, the Italian inventor Santorio invented a mouth thermometer and perhaps the first crude clinical thermometer. However, it was both bulky, inaccurate, and took too long to get a reading. The first doctors Hermann Boerhaave, Gerard L.B. Van Swieten founder of the Viennese School of Medicine, and Anton De Haen. These doctors found temperature correlated to  the progress of an illness, however, few of their contemporaries agreed, and the thermometer was not widely used.

First Practical Medical Thermometer
Sir Thomas Allbutt (1836–1925) invented the first practical medical thermometer used for taking the temperature of a person in 1867. It was portable, 6 inches in length and able to record a patient’s temperature in 5  min.

Ear Thermometer
During World War II, Theodore Hannes Benzinger invented the ear thermometer. David Phillips invented the infra-red ear thermometer in 1984. Dr. Jacob Fraden, CEO of Advanced Monitors Corporation, invented the world’s best-selling ear thermometer, the Thermoscan® Human Ear Thermometer.

WHO

The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health.
Organization type – Specialized agency of the United Nations
Head – Dr. Margaret Chan
Established – 7 April 1948
Headquarters – Geneva, Switzerland

Activities
Apart from coordinating international efforts to control outbreaks of infectious disease, such as SARS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, and HIV/AIDS, the WHO also sponsors programs to prevent and treat such diseases. The WHO supports the development and distribution of safe and effective vaccines, pharmaceutical diagnostics, and drugs, such as through the Expanded Program on Immunization.

The role of WHO in public health
Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed;
Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge;
Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation;
Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options;
Providing technical support, catalysing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity;
Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.
The WHO agenda
Promoting development
Fostering health security
Strengthening health systems
Harnessing research, information and evidence
Enhancing partnerships
Improving performance

Mars – The Planet

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System.

The planet is named after the Roman god of war, Mars.

It is often described as the “Red Planet“, as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance.

Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.

The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons.

Until the first flyby of Mars occurred in 1965, by Mariner 4, many speculated about the presence of liquid water on the planet’s surface.

In 2005, radar data revealed the presence of large quantities of water ice at the poles, and at mid-latitudes.

The Mars rover Spirit sampled chemical compounds containing water molecules in March 2007.

The Phoenix lander directly sampled water ice in shallow Martian soil on July 31, 2008.

Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped.

Mars is currently host to three functional orbiting spacecraft: Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye.

St George Fort

Name: Fort St George (or historically, White Town)
Founded in: 1639
Founded at: Coastal city of Madras, the modern city of Chennai
Reason: For Trading Activities
Specialty: First English fortress in India

The East India Company, which had entered India around 1600 for trading activities, had begun licensed trading at Surat, which was its initial bastion. However, to secure its trade lines and commercial interests in the  spice trade, it felt the necessity of a port closer to the Malaccan Straits, and succeeded in purchasing a piece of coastal land, originally called Chennirayarpattinam or Channapatnam, from a Vijayanagar chieftain named  Damerla Chennappa Nayaka based in Chandragiri, where the Company began the construction of a harbor and a fort.

The fort was completed on April 23, coinciding with St George’s Day, celebrated in honor of the patron saint of England. The fort, hence christened Fort St George, faced the sea and some fishing villages, and it soon  became the hub of merchant activity.

The Fort is a stronghold with six-meter high walls that withstood a number of assaults in the 18th century. It briefly passed into the possession of the French from 1746 to 1749, but was restored to Great Britain under  the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, which ended the War of the Austrian Succession.

In recent years
Fort St George complex housed the administrative buildings of the Government of Tamil Nadu till March 2010. The Legislature of Tamil Nadu and the secretariat was situated in the fort. The fort itself was open to the public however only to a certain area. The main building or the secretariat was open only to government officials and the police. The cannons and the moat which  guarded this old building have been left untouched. In 2010 the legislature and the secretariat moved to a new location and the old assembly complex was converted into a library for the Central Institute of Classical  Tamil. Following the 2011 assembly elections and the return of Jayalalithaa as the Chief Minister of the State, the Tamil Nadu Assembly and the Secretariat have been restored to Fort St George.

THE MOON

In this article, i am going to present some interesting trivia and facts about the Moon which was very useful for improving your General Knowledge.Its worth to read and it is enjoyable too

1) Natural Satellite is the body that orbits Planet or asteroid, in this way moon orbits the Earth.So the Moon 

   is the one and only Natural Satellite for the Earth

2) The Average distance of the moon to the Earth is 384403 Kilometers

3) The moon normally orbits the Earth of 27.3 days

4) Neil Armstrong was the First Man to step foot in the Moon

5) Due to the gravitational pull of the moon, Normally the Earth Tides occur.

6) The Gravity on the moon is less, it is just 17% of the Earth

7) The moon age is 4.6 Billion years 

8) Still researches are going, There is no air in the moon but there seems to be an little Possibility on the  

      Existence of Water

9) The Shape of the moon is not circular or spherical, it is Egg shaped

10) The Lunar Eclipse will occurs between the Moon and the Earth

Some PROS and CONS of the Nuclear Power

Day by Day human energy needs are growing rapidly, we are looking for the best and reliable energy source for our needs, Nuclear power plants will satisfy our needs, and it is pollution free too

Like every power Generation It has several advantages and some Disadvantages , let us discuss some Pros and Cons of the Nuclear Power

PROS

1) In the Power Generation lower Green house Gases and Carbondioxide are Released into the
     Atmosphere, it is Pollution free

2) The operating cost of the Nuclear Power Plant is Relatively Low

3) It can Generate Power for large industries and the City needs, so it is better than Solar power which is
     restricted to medium power generation

CONS

1) The construction time for making an Nuclear plant is long

2) Due to the complexity in the Systems of Nuclear plant , High investment costs are needed

3) The Waste of the nuclear plants will lasts upto 200-500 Years

4) There are unknown risks involved in the Nuclear plant

5) Nuclear power plants are one of the targets for the terrorism, so high risk involved in this plant

6) Uranium is to be digged in the areas where tribes who do not support the Digging of mine from the Earth

Some interesting facts about the Human Body

Human body is the Protective part of our Soul, let us see some of the Crazy and interesting facts about our Human Body which is unknown to you so far.

1) The Acids in stomach are very strong, it can Dissolve Zinc.The cells in the Stomach lining will renew so
    fast, so fortunately it had no time to dissolve it

2) The Tiny Blood Vessels of Lungs was over 300,000 million, if it is laid end to end they can stretch about
     2400 kilometers

3) The Testicles of Man can manufacture 10 million new sperm cells each day

4) About 1 Million individual Filters are there in the Kidneys, which around 1.3 Liters of Blood per minute
    and expel up to 1.4 liters of Urine a Day are filtered by the kidneys

5) About 90% of the information are Receiving by our Eyes,which makes us Visually Creatures a lot

6) The Female Ovaries contain a Half Million Egg cells but yet about 400 will get the opportunity to create a
    New life

7) From Growing Base to Tip, the Finger and toenail takes of Six Months

8) The Person in the West Eats about 50 tonnes of Food and drink 50,000 Liters of water in his lifetime

9) In the Time period of 30 Minutes the Body gains enough Heat to Boil an half gallon of Water.

10) It takes about 60 Seconds for an Single Human blood cell to make a Complete circuit of our Body

Strange Facts

Bone is five times stronger than steel.

Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone, never telephoned His wife or mother because they were both deaf.

Bamboo can grow up to 3 ft in 24 hours.

111,111,111 x 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321

“Bookkeeper” is the only word in English language with three consecutive Double letters.

Sharks can live up to 100 years.

When glass breaks, the cracks move at speeds of up to 3,000 miles per hour.

All the planets in our solar system rotate anticlockwise, except Venus. It is the only planet that rotates clockwise.

Cockroach is the fastest animal on 6 legs covering a meter a second.

Due to gravitational effects, your weigh slightly less when the moon is directly overhead.

Polar Bear can look clumsy & slow but during chase on ice, can reach 25 miles / hr of speed.

The only 2 animals that can see behind itself without turning it’s head are the rabbit and the parrot.

Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.

The Statue of Liberty’s index finger is eight feet and one inch long.

Giraffes can not swim.

Bharat Ratna

Bharat Ratna is the Republic of India’s highest civilian award, awarded for the highest degrees of national service. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as “recognition of public  service of the highest order. Unlike knights, holders of the Bharat Ratna carry no special title nor any other honorifics, but they do have a place in the Indian order of precedence.

The award was established by the first President of India, Rajendra Prasad, on 2 January 1954. Along with other major national honours, such as the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.

Complete list of recipients
Name:Chakravarti Rajagopalachari(1878–1972)
Year Awarded:1954
Note: Independence activist, last Governor-General
Name:C. V. Raman(1888–1970)
Year Awarded:1954
Note: Physicist
Name:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan(1888–1975)
Year Awarded:1954
Note: Philosopher, second President
Name:Bhagwan Das(1869–1958)
Year Awarded:1955
Note: Independence activist, author
Name:Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya(1860–1962)
Year Awarded:1955
Note: Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore
Name:Jawaharlal Nehru(1889–1964)
Year Awarded:1955
Note: Independence activist, author, first Prime Minister
Name:Govind Ballabh Pant(1887–1961)
Year Awarded:1957
Note: Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister
Name:Dhondo Keshav Karve(1858–1962)
Year Awarded:1958
Note: Educator, social reformer
Name:Bidhan Chandra Roy(1882–1962)
Year Awarded:1961
Note: Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal
Name:Purushottam Das Tandon(1882–1962)
Year Awarded:1961
Note: Independence activist, educator
Name:Rajendra Prasad(1884–1963)
Year Awarded:1962
Note: Independence activist, jurist, first President
Name:Zakir Hussain(1897–1969)
Year Awarded:1963
Note: Scholar, third President
Name:Pandurang Vaman Kane(1880–1972)
Year Awarded:1963
Note: Indologist and Sanskrit scholar
Name:Lal Bahadur Shastri(1904–1966)
Year Awarded:1966
Note: Posthumous, independence activist, second Prime Minister
Name:Indira Gandhi(1917–1984Y
ear Awarded:1971
Note: Fourth Prime Minister
Name:V. V. Giri(1894–1980)
Year Awarded:1975
Note: Trade unionist and fourth President
Name:K. Kamaraj(1903–1975)
Year Awarded:1976
Note: Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Madras State
Name:Mother Teresa(1910–1997)
Year Awarded:1980
Note: Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
Name:Vinoba Bhave(1895–1982)
Year Awarded:1983
Note: Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist
Name:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan(1890–1988)
Year Awarded:1987
Note: First non-citizen, independence activist
Name:M. G. Ramachandran(1917–1987)
Year Awarded:1988
Note: Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
Name:B. R. Ambedkar(1891–1956)
Year Awarded:1990
Note: Posthumous, chief architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar
Name:Nelson Mandela(b. 1918)
Year Awarded:1990
Note: Second non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
Name:Rajiv Gandhi(1944–1991)
Year Awarded:1991
Note: Posthumous, Seventh Prime Minister
Name:Vallabhbhai Patel(1875–1950)
Year Awarded:1991
Note: Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister
Name:Morarji Desai(1896–1995)
Year Awarded:1991
Note: Independence activist, fifth Prime Minister
Name:Abul Kalam Azad(1888–1958)
Year Awarded:1992
Note: Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of Education
Name:J. R. D. Tata(1904–1993)
Year Awarded:1992
Note: Industrialist and philanthropist
Name:Satyajit Ray(1922-1992)
Year Awarded:1992
Note: Bengali filmmaker
Name:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam(b. 1931)
Year Awarded:1997
Note: Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India
Name:Gulzarilal Nanda(1898–1998)
Year Awarded:1997
Note: Independence activist, interim Prime Minister
Name: Aruna Asaf Ali(1908–1996)
Year Awarded:1997
Note: Posthumous, independence activist
Name: M. S. Subbulakshmi(1916–2004)
Year Awarded:1998
Note: Classical Carnatic singer
Name: Chidambaram Subramaniam(1910–2000)
Year Awarded:1998
Note: Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture
Name: Jayaprakash Narayan(1902–1979)
Year Awarded:1999
Note: Posthumous, independence activist and politician
Name: Ravi Shankar(b. 1920)
Year Awarded:1999
Note: Sitar player
Name: Amartya Sen(b. 1933)
Year Awarded:1999
Note: Economist
Name: Gopinath Bordoloi(1890–1950)
Year Awarded:1999
Note: Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam
Name: Lata Mangeshkar(b. 1929)
Year Awarded:2001
Note: Playback singer
Name: Bismillah Khan(1916–2006)
Year Awarded:2001
Note: Hindustani classical shehnai player
Name: Bhimsen Joshi(1922-2011)
Year Awarded:2008
Note: Hindustani classical singer

Lion

The lion (Panthera leo) is one of the four big cats in the genus Panthera, and a member of the family Felidae.

With some males exceeding 250 kg (550 lb) in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger.

Wild lions currently exist in Sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia with an endangered remnant population in Gir Forest National Park  in India, having disappeared from North Africa and Southwest Asia in historic times.

About 10,000 years ago, the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans.

They were found in most of Africa, across Eurasia from western Europe to India, and in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru.

The lion is a vulnerable species, having seen a possibly irreversible population decline of thirty to fifty percent over the past  two decades in its African range.

Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks.

Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are currently the greatest  causes of concern.

Lions live for ten to fourteen years in the wild, while in captivity they can live longer than twenty years.

In the wild, males seldom live longer than ten years, as injuries sustained from continual fighting with rival males greatly  reduce their longevity.

Lions are unusually social compared to other cats.

A pride of lions consists of related females and offspring and a small number of adult males.

Groups of female lions typically hunt together, preying mostly on large ungulates.

Highly distinctive, the male lion is easily recognised by its mane, and its face is one of the most widely recognised animal  symbols in human culture.

Red Fort

The Red Fort is a 17th century fort complex constructed by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in the walled city of Old Delhi (in  present day Delhi, India) that served as the residence of the Imperial Family of India. It also served as the capital of the  Mughals until 1857, when Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled by the British Indian government.

Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, started construction of the massive fort in 1638 and work was completed in 1648 (10 years).  The Red Fort was originally referred to as “Qila-i-Mubarak” (the blessed fort). The layout of the Red Fort was organised to retain and integrate this site with the Salimgarh Fort. The fortress palace  was an important focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad.

The significant phases of development were under Aurangzeb and  later Mughal rulers. Important physical changes were carried out in the overall settings of the site after the Indian Mutiny in  1857. During the  British period the Fort was mainly used as a cantonment and even after Independence, a significant part of the Fort remained  under the control of the Indian Army until the year 2003.

The Red Fort was the palace for Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan’s new capital, Shahjahanabad (present day Old Delhi). He moved his capital here from Agra in a move designed to bring prestige to his reign, and to  provide ample opportunity to apply his ambitious building schemes and interests.

The fort lies along the Yamuna River, which fed the moats that surround most of the wall. The wall at its north-eastern corner  is adjacent to an older fort, the Salimgarh Fort, a defence built by Islam Shah Suri in 1546.

On 11 March 1783, Sikhs briefly entered Red Fort in Delhi and occupied the Diwan-i-Am.  The city was essentially surrendered by the Mughal wazir in cahoots with his Sikh Allies.

The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort was Bahadur Shah II “Zafar”. Despite being the seat of Mughal power and its  defensive capabilities, the Red Fort was not defended during the 1857 uprising against the British.

Eiffel Tower

An iconic symbol of French culture, liberty, and progress, the Eiffel Tower in Paris was completed for the 1889 World Fair, which happened to coincide with the 100th anneversary of the French Revolution. From the numerous designs submitted as part of a national competition, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel’s design won, and he became responsible for constructing the Eiffel Tower in the heart of Paris.

Eiffel Tower Facts
Start of Eiffel Tower construction: January 26, 1887
Completion of Eiffel Tower construction: March 31, 1889
Construciton Time for the Eiffel Tower: 2 years, 2 months, and 5 days-start to finish
Principal Designer/Contractor: Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
Principal Architect: Stephen Sauvestre
Main Engineers: Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier
Height of the Eiffell Tower: 324 meters tall
Tower Material: 9441 tons of wrought iron (puddle iron)
Number of Tower Components: 18,038 pieces of wrought iron and 2.5 million rivets
Area Covered by the Tower at the Base: 100 Meters
Wieght of the Tower: 10,000 tons, with 7,300 tons being metal.
Approximate Number of Vistors to the Tower Each Year: 6.8 million people
Number of Stories in the Tower: 108

Biotechnology

Biotechnology is a field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts.

Biotechnology also utilizes these products for manufacturing purpose.

Modern use of similar terms includes genetic engineering as well as cell- and tissue culture technologies.

The concept encompasses a wide range of procedures for modifying living organisms according to human purposes — going back to domestication of animals, cultivation of plants, and “improvements” to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and hybridization.

The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity defines biotechnology as:
“Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.“

In other terms: “Application of scientific and technical advances in life science to develop commercial products” is biotechnology.

Biotechnology draws on the pure biological sciences (genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology) and in many instances is also dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology (chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics).

Conversely, modern biological sciences are intimately entwined and dependent on the methods developed through biotechnology and what is commonly thought of as the life sciences industry.

About IRON

Iron is one of the Hardest metals in the Universe, Let us know some more about them in detail which may be very useful for your Improvement of General Knowledge

 1) Iron is the 10th Most abundant element in the Universe

2) Iron is the 4th Most Abundant in the Earth Crust

3) From the Iron ore, The metal called Iron was extracted

4) Iron is almost never found in the Elemental state

5) In the Production of Alloys, Iron plays an Key Role and it is the Major Component of the Steel

6) As a Ferrous ion, iron is the Most necessary trace element used by all the living Organisms

7) Ferrum was the Latin name for the iron, so as The symbol "Fe" has been given for the iron

8) The Meteorites was the source of the iron for the Prehistoric man

9) China is the Worlds Largest Producer of the Iron in the World

10) Iron falls to the Transition Metal Category'

11) Iron i s formed in the Stars that have that have Sufficient mass by the Fusion Process

12) The Sun contains more amounts of iron than the Earth

Compass

A compass is an instrument containing a freely suspended magnetic element which displays the direction of the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field at the point of observation.

Magnetic Compass
The magnetic compass is an old Chinese invention, probably first made in China during the Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.). Chinese fortune tellers used lodestones (a mineral composed of an iron oxide which aligns itself in a north-south direction) to construct their fortune telling boards.
Eventually someone noticed that the lodestones were better at pointing out real directions, leading to the first compasses. They designed the compass on a square slab which had markings for the cardinal points and the constellations. The pointing needle was a lodestone spoon-shaped device, with a handle that would always point south.

Magnetized Needles
Magnetized needles used as direction pointers instead of the spoon-shaped lodestones appeared in the 8th century AD, again in China, and between 850 and 1050 they seem to have become common as navigational devices on ships.

Compass as a Navigational Aid
The first person recorded to have used the compass as a navigational aid was Zheng He (1371-1435), from the Yunnan province in China, who made seven ocean voyages between 1405 and 1433.

Ferrites or magnetic oxides are stones that attract iron and other metals. These are natural magnets and are not inventions. However, the machines that we make with magnets are inventions.
Ferrites were first discovered thousands of year ago. Large deposits were found in the district of Magnesia in Asia Minor, giving the mineral’s name of magnetite (Fe3O4).

Magnetite was nicknamed lodestone and used by early navigators to locate the magnetic North Pole. William Gilbert published De Magnete, a paper on magnetism in 1600, about the use and properties of Magnetite. In 1819, Hans Christian Oersted reported that when an electric current in a wire was applied to a magnetic compass needle, the magnet was affected – this is called electromagnetism.

In 1825, British inventor William Sturgeon (1783-1850) exhibited a device that laid the foundations for large-scale electronic communications: the electromagnet. Sturgeon displayed its power by lifting nine pounds with a seven-ounce piece of iron wrapped with wires through which the current of a single cell battery was sent.

Cow Magnets
U.S. patent # 3,005,458 is the first patent issued for a cow magnet issued to Louis Paul Longo, the inventor of the Magnetrol Magnet, for prevention of hardware disease in cows

Strange Facts

It takes 17 muscles to smile & 43 to frown
OSTRICH eats pebbles to help digestion by grinding up the ingested food
When you sneeze air rushes out your nose at a rate of 100 miles per hour
The cosmos contains approximately 50,000,000,000 galaxies
Owl is the only bird, which can rotate its head to 270 degrees
Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath
Hummingbirds are the only animal that can also fly backwards
A 15 letter word that can be spelled without repeating a letter is uncopyrightable
8.7 million of United State residents who were born in Asia.
KIWIS are the only birds, which hunt by sense of smell
Dolphins sleep with one eye open
Bats always turn left when exiting a cave
Cat’s urine glows under a black light
Bird Feeding: Do not feed avocado as it is toxic to birds
Vitamin K is necessary for clotting of blood
A Blue Whale can eat as much as 3 tones of food everyday, but at the same time can live without food for 6 months

Jupiter – The Planet

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and is the largest planet in the solar system. If Jupiter were hollow, more than one thousand Earths could fit inside. It also contains two and a half times the mass of all the other planets combined.

It has a mass of 1.9 x 1027 kg and is 142,800 kilometers  across the equator. Jupiter possesses 62 known satellites. The four largest are Callisto, Europa, Ganymede and Io, and were named after Galileo Galilei who observed them as long ago as 1610. The German astronomer Simon Marius claimed to have seen the moons around the same time, but he did not publish his observations and so Galileo is given the credit for their discovery.

Jupiter has a very faint ring system, but is totally invisible from the Earth.  The atmosphere is very deep, perhaps comprising the whole planet, and is somewhat like the Sun. It is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of methane, ammonia, water vapor and other compounds. At great depths within Jupiter, the pressure is so great that the hydrogen atoms are broken up and the electrons are freed so that the resulting atoms consist of bare protons. This produces a state in which the hydrogen becomes metallic.

Auroral emissions, similar to Earth’s northern lights, were observed in the polar regions of Jupiter. The auroral emissions appear to be related to material from Io that spirals along magnetic field lines to fall into Jupiter’s atmosphere. Cloud-top lightning bolts, similar to superbolts in Earth’s high atmosphere, were also observed.

Jupiter Statistics
Mass (kg) : 1.900e+27
Equatorial radius (km) : 71,492
Mean distance from the Sun (km) : 778,330,000
Rotational period (days) : 0.41354
Orbital period (days) : 4332.71
Tilt of axis (degrees) : 3.13
Orbital inclination (degrees) : 1.308
Magnitude (Vo) -2.70
Mean cloud temperature : -121°C
Atmospheric pressure (bars) : 0.7
Atmospheric composition:
Hydrogen : 90%
Helium : 10%